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Pulses

East African Pigeon Peas Exporter

Whole pigeon peas — traded as tur, toor, arhar or red gram — sourced across East Africa for dal mills, canners, repackers and commodity importers, in machine cleaned and colour sorted specifications.

Pigeon peas are the most internationally traded pulse grown in East Africa, and the crop that most clearly defines the region as a supply origin. They are grown as a rainfed crop across a wide band of Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique, frequently intercropped with maize or sorghum, and harvested from the middle of the calendar year onwards. The overwhelming majority of the crop is exported whole rather than processed at origin.

Whole pigeon peas in bulk, showing the cream and light brown seed colour, pale hilum and fine speckling of the East African crop
Origin
Tanzania · Malawi · Mozambique
Processing
Whole and split · Machine cleaned · Sortex
Crop year
Stated on contract
Packing
25 / 50 kg PP · FIBC
Quantity
Container quantities
Incoterms
FOB · CFR · CIF
HS code
0713.60
Availability
Peak

Specification

Typical export specification

Indicative contract parameters, not laboratory results. The specification that applies is the one written into the contract.

Pigeon Peas — Machine Cleaned

Whole pigeon peas (tur / toor / arhar), East African origin

Indicative
Product
Whole pigeon peas, Cajanus cajan
Origin
Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Uganda
Crop year
Stated on contract
Moisture
12% max
Purity
98% min
Foreign matter
1% max
Admixture
2% max
Damaged and discoloured
2% max
Broken and split
2% max
Insect damaged
2% max
Immature and shrivelled
1% max
Colour
As per approved sample
GMO status
Not genetically modified

Notes on specific parameters

  • Crop yearContract on a specific crop year; it materially affects colour, cooking behaviour and insect load.
  • MoistureLower moisture is specified for longer transits and humid discharge ports.
  • Foreign matterStone, soil, straw, pod and extraneous seed.
  • AdmixtureOther colours and off-variety grain.
  • ColourRed-brown, light brown or white depending on the type contracted.
  • GMO statusThere are no commercially cultivated genetically modified varieties of this crop.
  • Tighter parameters are available on a colour-sorted basis — see the Sortex specification.
  • Final specification is agreed per contract and, where required, against an approved sample.

Grades and forms

Available grades

Commercially distinct types, each contracted separately.
  • Whole Pigeon Peas

    The standard export form: the intact grain with the seed coat on, cleaned and graded but not dehusked or split. Almost all East African pigeon pea export moves in this form.

    Form
    Whole grain, seed coat intact
    Typical buyer
    Dal mills, canners, repackers
  • White Pigeon Peas

    A distinct cream to off-white seeded type, traded as its own line rather than as a grade of the red-brown crop. Smaller in volume, with its own buyers and a separate price.

    Seed colour
    Cream to off-white
    Volume
    Lower than red-brown; availability varies by season
  • Red / Brown Pigeon Peas

    The main commercial type by volume across East Africa, running from light brown through to deep red-brown depending on variety and growing zone. The standard raw material for dal milling.

    Seed colour
    Light brown to deep red-brown
    Volume
    The principal East African type
  • Split Pigeon Peas (Tur Dal)

    The dehusked, split form. East African origin is overwhelmingly traded whole and split at destination; splitting at origin is possible only where a specific processing arrangement exists, so availability must be confirmed before it is quoted.

    Form
    Dehusked and split cotyledons
    Availability
    Confirm before contracting

Packing and supply

Packing and container supply

Standard formats below, and buyer-specific packing where it can be supported. Planned net weight per 20ft container is indicatively 19 MT, confirmed against packing, density and destination.
  • Packing

    • 25 kg PP woven bag
    • 50 kg PP woven bag
    • PE liner (inside PP bag)
    • Buyer-branded bags
    • Jumbo bag / FIBC
  • Container

    • 20ft FCL — standard for bagged pulses
    • 40ft FCL where the density suits it
    • ~19 MT indicative net per 20ft
  • Terms

    • FOB
    • CFR
    • CIF
    • FCA on request
  • Loading

    • Net weighed and marked to contract
    • Container inspected before stuffing
    • Final payload confirmed against density and destination

Packing is confirmed in writing before bagging begins. Packing formats and marking in full.

Quality and trade

Quality and export documentation

What decides quality in pigeon peas

Moisture
Typically contracted at 12% max. It is the one parameter that cannot be corrected once the container is sealed, and the usual root cause of arrival claims on this commodity.
Insect damage
Bruchid weevils bore into the seed in store. Damaged grain keeps its shape but loses density, so gravity separation — not screening — is what removes it.
Immature and shrivelled grain
Underfilled seed reduces dal recovery directly. Aspiration removes most of it, and the tolerance should be stated separately from general damage.
Admixture and colour uniformity
Red-brown, light brown and white types are commercially distinct. Mixed colour in a lot devalues it regardless of the total defect percentage.
Foreign matter
Stone in particular, because it damages milling equipment. Destoning and gravity separation address it; the tolerance is normally 1% or lower.
Crop year
Old crop darkens, hardens and mills differently. Contract on a stated crop year and expect it to appear on the bag marking.

Third-party inspection can be nominated at the loading point — sampling, analysis, weight verification and loading supervision. Quality and processing in full.

Typical export documents

  • Commercial Invoice
  • Packing List
  • Bill of Lading
  • Certificate of Origin
  • Phytosanitary Certificate
  • Fumigation Certificate
  • Weight Certificate

Final documentation depends on the commodity, origin, destination and buyer requirements. Not every document listed is required on every shipment.

Origin and sourcing

Where this commodity is sourced

Sourced through established growers, aggregators and processors, with origin, crop and lot confirmed on each offer. Seasonal position is derived from the published crop calendar.

Typical sourcing window

Harvest Export

  • TanzaniaJun–Sep · Jul–Dec
  • MalawiJun–Aug · Jul–Nov
  • MozambiqueJun–Sep · Jul–Nov
  • KenyaJan–Aug · Feb–Sep

Tanzania: harvest Jun–Sep, export window Jul–Dec. Malawi: harvest Jun–Aug, export window Jul–Nov. Mozambique: harvest Jun–Sep, export window Jul–Nov. Kenya: harvest Jan–Aug, export window Feb–Sep.

Indicative windows from the published crop calendar, not a live stock position.

More on pigeon peas

The commercial pull comes principally from South Asia. In India the whole grain is dehusked and split into tur dal, a dietary staple, and Indian demand for imported pigeon peas moves with the size of the domestic tur crop. That single fact shapes the entire East African trade: prices, contract terms and the pace of buying in the producing regions all respond to what is happening in the Indian market. Alongside it sits a smaller but steadier trade into Caribbean and African diaspora markets in Europe and North America, where the pea is cooked whole rather than split, and a canning trade that buys against its own technical requirements.

Three colour types are traded from East Africa: red-brown, light brown and white. They are not interchangeable. Red-brown is the volume type and the one Indian mills buy in the largest quantity; white pigeon peas are a distinct, smaller line with their own buyers and a price to match. Mixing them in a lot reduces its value even when the total defect percentage is inside tolerance, which is why admixture and colour are treated as primary parameters rather than as an afterthought.

Quality in pigeon peas is decided by three things above all: moisture, insect damage and immature grain. Bruchid beetles attack the crop in store and hollow out the seed from the inside; the damaged grain remains dimensionally normal, so it can only be removed by density separation rather than by screening. Immature and shrivelled grain reduces milling recovery directly, because underfilled seed yields less dal per tonne. Moisture governs whether the cargo arrives sound after four to six weeks in a sealed container. A well-run cleaning line addresses the first two and a disciplined intake and conditioning process addresses the third.

The practical question for a buyer is therefore not whether pigeon peas are available from East Africa — they are, in volume — but whether the specific origin, crop year, colour type and specification being offered matches what the mill or packer actually needs. That is a conversation about parameters and windows, and it is the conversation this site is built to support.

Also traded as pigeonpea · pigeon pea · tur · toor · tur whole · toor whole · arhar · red gram · gungo peas. These are trade names for the same commodity and are covered by this page rather than split across separate listings.

Destination markets

Typical destinations for this commodity. Import duty, quotas and phytosanitary conditions are set by the importing country — confirm the current position with your own broker.

End uses

  • Dal milling
  • Whole-pea cooking and retail
  • Canning and prepared foods
  • Repacking and distribution

Frequently asked questions

They are the same commodity, Cajanus cajan. "Pigeon peas" is the international English name, "tur" and "toor" are the common trade names in India and the Gulf, "arhar" is used in parts of India, and "red gram" appears in older trade documentation. In the Caribbean the same pea is sold as gungo peas. One product, several trade names — which is why this site keeps them on a single page rather than splitting them across near-identical URLs.

Catalogue

Related pulses and beans

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